Application of blended learning in medical education in the world / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To discuss the application and effects of blended learning (B-Learning) mode in medical courses and education at home and abroad.Methods:Based on the identified keywords, the research retrieved 93 relevant literature from 2000 to 2017 in journal databases (e.g. Premier, Cinahl and Medline), and published journals. After two rounds of analysis, 19 domestic and foreign literature were obtained, which evaluated the application and teaching effects of the B-Learning mode in the context of medical education. Among them, there were control studies and qualitative studies.Results:There are differences in the implementation and implementation of the B-Learning model in various countries; the teaching intervention measures and the scope of intervention of the B-Learning teaching model are diverse; the B-Learning model can make up for the gap between the theoretical and practical courses in the medical education process. It helps medical students to master their knowledge and improve their clinical skills; it is necessary for teachers to carefully design teaching courses and teaching research before class to improve the teaching effect of B-Learning.Conclusion:Combining modern educational technology with traditional teaching methods can effectively improve the medical knowledge level and clinical practice skills of medical students.

Analysis of relevant factors of death cases in pediatric intensive care units in Guiyang City in 2017 / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:The epidemiological characteristics of PICU deaths in 2017 in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital, and Guiyang Children′s Hospital were summarized and analyzed to provide a basis for formulating intervention measures to effectively reduce the mortality rate of children.Methods:The clinical datas of PICU deaths in three tertiary hospitals in 2017 were collected retrospectively.The cases were divided according to different ages and lengths of hospitalization.And gender, age, length of death, length of hospitalization, and death diseases were summarized and analyzed.Results:In 2017, the PICU of the three tertiary hospitals admitted 2 092 children, of which 139 (6.64%) died, including 84 males and 55 females.The months with the highest case fatality rates were January, February, July and August.The fatality rates were 9.14% (18/197), 9.04% (15/166), 13.25% (20/151), 7.93% (13/164), respectively.There was statistically significant difference in the mortality of children admitted in each month ( P=0.038). Among the death cases, the infant group (29 days to 1 year old) accounted for the largest proportion with 58 cases (41.73%), followed by the preschool group (3 to 7 years old) with 37 cases (26.62%), the infant group (1 to 3 years old) with 24 cases(17.27%), and the school-age group (7 to 14 years old) with 20 cases(14.38%). The top three death diseases were: 39 cases (28.06%) of bronchial pneumonia (severe), 28 cases (20.14%) of hematological tumors and solid tumors, and 23 cases (16.55%) of trauma.The difference of its distribution in different age groups was statistically significant( P<0.05). The patients were divided into four groups according to the length of hospital stay.The time ≤1 d group had the highest mortality of 54 cases (38.85%), -3 d group and -7 d group both had 32 cases (23.02%), the >7 d group had the lowest mortality of 21 cases (15.11%). Conclusion:In 2017, January, February and July, August are the peak months of deaths in PICUs in Guizhou, with the highest number of infant deaths.Bronchial pneumonia(severe), hematological tumors and solid tumors, and trauma are the top three death diseases.

Research on the effect of sports on students' physical fitness under the health intervention policy / Pesquisa sobre o efeito dos esportes na aptidão física dos alunos de acordo com a política de intervenção em saúde / Investigación sobre el efecto de los deportes en la aptitud física de los estudiantes en el marco de la política de intervención sanitaria

ABSTRACT Introduction: The main reason for the decline in college students' physical fitness and health is the lack of physical exercise, the emphasis on study and the neglect of physical exercise, and the lowering of the physical fitness requirements of college students. Objective: The paper analyzes the status quo and existing problems of college students' physical fitness and proposes that the school party committee issues policy-based health intervention measures, encourages school physical education teachers to participate in students' after-school physical exercises, and extensively develops school mass sports activities. Methods: The paper uses a literature method, questionnaire survey, comprehensive evaluation method, etc., to analyze the internal and external factors of college students' physical decline. Results: Through the practice density test of students in physical education teaching, it is learned that physical education in the first grade can fully develop students' physical fitness, and the practice density of each class reaches 60%. The practice density of the second-grade optional courses is about 20%, and it cannot achieve the purpose of effective physical exercise. Conclusions: The current teaching content and teaching methods of physical education classes cannot effectively complete physical education tasks. It is necessary to adjust the teaching content further and improve the teaching methods. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: O principal motivo do declínio da condição física e da saúde dos estudantes universitários é a falta de exercícios físicos, a negligência dos exercícios físicos devido à ênfase no estudo e a redução das exigências de aptidão física dos estudantes universitários. Objetivo: O documento analisa o status quo e os problemas existentes de aptidão física de estudantes universitários e propõe que o comitê do partido escolar emita medidas de intervenção de saúde baseadas em políticas, encoraje os professores de educação física a participarem extensivamente dos exercícios físicos dos alunos após as aulas. Métodos: O artigo utiliza um questionário e um método de avaliação abrangente, etc., para analisar os fatores internos e externos de deterioração física dos estudantes universitários. Resultados: Por meio do teste de densidade de prática dos alunos no ensino de educação física, aprende-se que a educação física na primeira série pode desenvolver plenamente a aptidão física dos alunos, sendo que a prática de cada aula chega a 60%.A prática do curso eletivo de segundo grau é de aproximadamente 20% e não pode atingir o objetivo de exercícios físicos eficazes. Conclusões: O conteúdo e os métodos de ensino atuais das aulas de educação física não podem completar as tarefas de educação física com eficácia. É necessário aperfeiçoar ainda mais o conteúdo de ensino e melhorar os métodos de ensino. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La principal razón del declive en la condición física y la salud de los estudiantes universitarios es la falta de ejercicio físico, el descuido del ejercicio físico por el énfasis en el estudio, y la reducción de los requisitos de aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: El documento analiza el status quo y los problemas existentes de la aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios y propone que el comité del partido escolar emita medidas de intervención de salud basadas en políticas, aliente a los maestros de educación física de la escuela a participar en los ejercicios físicos de los estudiantes después de la escuela de manera extensiva. Métodos: El artículo utiliza cuestionario y método de evaluación integral, etc., para analizar los factores internos y externos del deterioro físico de los estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: A través de la prueba de densidad de práctica de los estudiantes en la enseñanza de educación física, se aprende que la educación física en el primer grado puede desarrollar plenamente la aptitud física de los estudiantes, y la práctica de cada clase alcanza el 60%. La práctica de los cursos optativos de segundo grado es de aproximadamente el 20% y no puede lograr el propósito de un ejercicio físico efectivo. Conclusiones: El contenido y los métodos de enseñanza actuales de las clases de educación física no pueden completar eficazmente las tareas de educación física. Es necesario ajustar aún más el contenido de la enseñanza y mejorar los métodos de enseñanza. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Intestinal flora and neurological disorders / 生物工程学报

The human intestinal flora is a highly diverse ecosystem composed of trillions of bacteria. The imbalance of the flora is related to a variety of diseases. The intestinal flora interacts with the nervous system bidirectionally in many ways through the gut-brain axis. It causes neuroimmune inflammatory response, dysfunction of gut mucosa and blood-brain barrier, direct stimulation of the vagus nerve, spinal nerve of the enteric nervous system, and the neuroendocrine hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, causing neurological disorders. The metabolites of the intestinal microbial community also play a role. This article summarizes the characteristics of the altered intestinal flora and intervention measures in autism spectrum disorder, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, neuromyelitis optica, hepatic encephalopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, Huntington's disease and stroke. The current research on intestinal flora is still in its infancy, and very few studies were carried out on causality and the underlying mechanisms, which prevents the development of precise flora-based clinical intervention measures. It is expected the research on intestinal flora would lead to novel approaches for treatment of some neurological disorders.

Epidemiological study and intervention measures of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized patients / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized patients, and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to develop relevant intervention measures. Methods A total of 414 hospitalized patients with respiratory virus infection admitted to our hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were selected. Immunofluorescence method was used to qualitative detect parainfluenza virus type 1-3, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza B virus and adenovirus. Results Among the 414 ARTI patients, 84 cases were positive for respiratory virus, with a positive detection rate of 20.29% (84/414 ) . 76 cases were positive for single virus infection, with a positive detection rate of 18.36% (76/414) . The positive detection rate was 1.93% (8/414). The most common pathogens of virus infection were influenza A virus (25.00%), influenza B virus (20.23%) and RSV(17.86%). There was statistical significance in the positive rate of ARTI among different age groups (χ2, P2, P0.05). The positive rate of PIV3 was the highest in spring (4.04%), and the positive rate of RSV in spring and winter was 24.24% and 25.20%, respectively. The positive rates of influenza A virus and influenza B virus were the highest in winter (9.45%) and (7.09%). There was statistical significance in the positive rate of ARTI among different clinical diagnoses (χ2, P<0.05). The positive rates of PIV2, PIV3, influenza A virus and influenza B virus were significantly different (P<0.05). The positive rate of bronchopneumonia virus was the highest (27.48%). Conclusion: RSV infection is the most common in patients with acute respiratory virus infection in Chengdu area, which mostly occurs in autumn and winter, and the main clinical manifestation is bronchopneumonia. The main infected population is children under 8 years old, and the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus should be strengthened in the future.

Risk factors of obesity in children aged 5-14 years in Xuzhou and early intervention measures / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the risk factors and early intervention methods of obesity in children aged 5-14 years in Xuzhou. Methods Children from 3 urban areas were randomly selected from Xuzhou City for physical measurement. The children were divided into obese group and normal group based on 2 standard deviations of WHO standard weight. A questionnaire survey was used to assess the risk factors for obesity in children aged 5 to 14, and early intervention measures were put forward. Results The detection rate of obese children in this group was 53.00%. Single factor analysis showed that breastfeeding, supplementary food addition at 4 and 6 months, fast eating, preference for dessert, drinks and fried foods, sleep time <8h/d, dislike of sports, daily TV watching time ≥ 2h / d, obesity of father and mother, mother's education level, and parents' obesity cognition were related to obesity in children aged 5-14 (P <0.05) . Logistic regression analysis revealed that artificial feeding, fast eating, deep frying, sweet drinks, mother's education, father's obesity and mother's obesity were high risk factors of children's obesity. Conclusion The incidence of obesity in children aged 5-14 years old in Xuzhou was high. Early feeding mode, children's preference for fried desserts, parents' obesity and mother's education level were the main risk factors for children's obesity. It is suggested that communities promote more health education on children’s obesity.

Droplets and aerosols in dental clinics and prevention and control measures of infection / 中华口腔医学杂志

Spraying during dental practices can generate quantity of droplets, which transform into droplet nuclei and suspend in the air of clinic in the form of aerosol. Either droplets or aerosols may carry microorganisms and cause air contamination in the hospital, posing potential threat to the health of clinical healthcare staff and patients. The present article summarizes some basic concepts involved in bio-aerosol research and reviews literatures on intervention measures of dental clinic droplet/aerosols to clarify whether there is experimental evidence of aerosol-carrying bacteria in the existing literatures. The aim of this article is to provide evidence for the formulation of guidelines for infection control in dental healthcare practices during the epidemic period of infectious diseases, as well as to provide reference and scientific basis for the management and implementation of infection control measures in daily dental clinical work.

Effect evaluation of compreherive intervention model for HIV/AIDS among college students in Yantai / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To study the effect of AIDS intervention programs among college students, and to provide fundamental support for the formulating of AIDS prevention strategies. Methods A cluster sampling methods was used to conduct a longitudinal follow-up survey among 2 000 freshmen from four colleges in Yantai in 2016, The knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to AIDS were analyzed by generalized estimating equation analysis method. We also conducted in-depth personal interviews among university leaders. Results The awareness rate of AIDS among young students in Yantai was 70.4%, 85.9%, and 95.8%, respectively. The generalized estimating equation showed that the total awareness rate of AIDS knowledge increased year by year (Z=-23.42, P<0.001). The occurrence of different types of sexual behaviors maintained at a low level, and no obvious trend changes were observed. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that a high occurrence of sexual behaviors among young college students was found related to male, poor knowledge of AIDS prevention, having not received public services related to AIDS prevention, and having not participated in public services related to AIDS prevention (all P<0.05). Interview results showed that, three of the four colleges have included AIDS health education into their teaching plans, and the AIDS epidemic notification system has been fully implemented. Conclusions The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge among college freshmen in Yantai is relatively low. Implementing comprehensive intervention measures and establishing a multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism are the most effective measures to improve the knowledge of AIDS prevention, and promote safe sexual behaviors among young college students.

Mortality analysis on children under 5 years old in Yuyao County from 2013 to 2017 / 中华疾病控制杂志

@# Objective To understand the status and main causes of death among children under five years old in Yuyao County from 2013 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis to formulate relevant intervention measures． Methods Data monitoring deaths among children under five years old from 2013 to 2017 in Yuyao were collected. Trend of death, death rank, regional difference and utilization of pre-death health care services for children under 5 years old were retrospectively analysed using SPSS 18.0. Results From 2013 to 2017, the mortality rate in newborns, infants, 1-4 years old children and children under 5 years old (U5MR) decreased in Yuyao county(P=0.016, 0.002, 0.038, ＜0.001). Based on monitored 263 cases of deaths,the majority of deaths of children under 5 years old occurred in infants, accounting for 68.82% (181/263). Congenital malformation and unintentional injury were the main causes of death for children under 5 years old. The deaths of children under 5 years old mainly occurred in medical institutions, and 93.54% of the children were treated before death. The mortality rate of boys under 5 years old was 10.50‰, which was 1.54 times of the mortality of girls ( χ2=11.693, P<0.001). The trend Chi-square test showed that the U5MR in local residents had no obvious downward trend in the past 5 years ( χ2trend =0.195, P=0.658), while the U5MR in floating population significantly decreased with fluctuation ( χ2trend =17.706, P<0.001). Conclusion The key to reduce U5MR in Yuyao is to reduce infant mortality, and the key content of death intervention is to prevent congenital malformations and unintentional injuries. Improving maternal and child health care and developing safety education for migrant children are two effective measures to reduce U5MR.

Co-occurence analysis of intervention measures for pathological breast engorgement at home and abroad / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#Systematic review and analyze the domestic and foreign research literatures on interventional measures for pathological breast engorgement, and explore the differences between intervention measures for pathological breast engorgement at home and abroad, and provide reference and new ideas for further optimization of breast intervention measures in China.@*Methods@#Scientifically search the domestic and foreign research literatures on pathological breast engorgement intervention measures, import the search data into Citespace and VOS viewer to achieve co-occurrence analysis, and then systematically analyze the literature at the core node in the co-occurrence map.@*Results@#A total of 384 articles (267 foreign ones; 117 articles in China) were included in this study. The main themes of foreign research hotspots are: female, adult, first child, lymphedema, inflammation, breast basic diseases, breast tumors and time-influencing factors are mainly concerned with the exploration of high-risk influencing factors and early intervention of breast-related tumor diseases. Domestic research hotspots mainly focus on nursing interventions as the main intervention measures and effects evaluation. The content analysis in the core literature shows that foreign studies are mainly based on cohort studies, including the topical application of progesterone, psychological intervention, and breastfeeding time factors. Domestic research is mainly based on experimental research, mainly using massage techniques. Improvement, comparison of different external dressings as the main intervention.@*Conclusions@#At present, both domestic and foreign research have carried out active exploration and comparative research on the external materials and achieved certain results. The current study of postpartum breast engorgement in China needs to be further explored based on large samples and cohort studies.

Preliminary investigation on the influencing factors and health impacts of hookworm infection in South Mountain area of Zhejiang Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To understand the demographic characteristics and clinical features of hookworm infectors in high infection area in South Mountain area of Zhejiang Province,and to find the risk factors of infection,so as to provide the evidence for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods In 2018,according to the soil-borne nematode monitoring results of the previous year in Zhejiang Province,three villages with relatively more hookworm infections were selected from Qingtian County in South Mountain area of Zhejiang Province,and more than 10 cases of hookworm infection were selected from each survey site.A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted by all investigators using a questionnaire designed by the Center for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and information on the general condition,past diagnosis history,clinical symptoms and risk factors of infection of infected persons were collected.The stool samples were collected and tested for infection by modified Kato-Katz method to evaluate the drug deworming effect in the previous year.Results A total of 33 cases of hookworm infection were investigated,including 18 males and 15 females;the age ranged from 33-85 years old,mainly concentrated in 60-79 years old,a total of 23 cases (69.7％).Ten cases (30.3％) had been diagnosed with hookworm disease;19 cases (57.6％) had similar symptoms of hooky dermatitis;and 12 cases (36.4％) had gastrointestinal symptoms in the past three years.There were 31 cases (93.9％) worked in the field for more than one month each year,18 cases (54.5％) used fresh manure directly at home,6 cases (18.2％) were used to working barefoot in the field,and 30 cases (90.9％) used to wearing slippers in the field.A total of 32 eligible stool samples were examined,and 4 case (12.5％) were still positive for hookworm eggs.Conclusions Among the infectors,fertilizing with fresh stool,working barefoot or wearing slippers in the field may serve as the risk factors.There is a certain failure proportion to eliminate the infection status when adopting only one round anthelminthic treatment.For prevention and control hookworm infections,comprehensive intervention measures including infection source management,harmless treatment of stools,individual behavior intervention and environment improvement are suggested.

Co-occurence analysis of intervention measures for pathological breast engorgement at home and abroad / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective Systematic review and analyze the domestic and foreign research literatures on interventional measures for pathological breast engorgement, and explore the differences between intervention measures for pathological breast engorgement at home and abroad, and provide reference and new ideas for further optimization of breast intervention measures in China. Methods Scientifically search the domestic and foreign research literatures on pathological breast engorgement intervention measures, import the search data into Citespace and VOS viewer to achieve co-occurrence analysis, and then systematically analyze the literature at the core node in the co-occurrence map. Results A total of 384 articles (267 foreign ones; 117 articles in China) were included in this study. The main themes of foreign research hotspots are: female, adult, first child, lymphedema, inflammation, breast basic diseases, breast tumors and time-influencing factors are mainly concerned with the exploration of high-risk influencing factors and early intervention of breast-related tumor diseases. Domestic research hotspots mainly focus on nursing interventions as the main intervention measures and effects evaluation. The content analysis in the core literature shows that foreign studies are mainly based on cohort studies, including the topical application of progesterone, psychological intervention, and breastfeeding time factors. Domestic research is mainly based on experimental research, mainly using massage techniques. Improvement, comparison of different external dressings as the main intervention. Conclusions At present, both domestic and foreign research have carried out active exploration and comparative research on the external materials and achieved certain results. The current study of postpartum breast engorgement in China needs to be further explored based on large samples and cohort studies.

Study on the intervention of caffeine citrate in the treatment of neonatal apnea / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of caffeine citrate in the treatment of neonatal apnea and the corresponding intervention measures. Methods A total of 88 children with apnea were enrolled in this study from December 2015 to February 2017, and were randomly divided into control group and study group, 44 cases in each group.The study group on the basis of conventional therapy plus caffeine citrate, the control group on the basis of conventional therapy plus aminophylline group, two newborns with apnea were duration of treatment should be 7 for 7 days, record the treatment effect and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results The total effective rate was 88.64％ in the study group and 72.73％ in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 11.36％ in the study group and 40.91％ in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of caffeine citrate treatment of apnea with clinical efficacy and safety of the ideal of the newborn, in the course of treatment given targeted clinical nursing intervention is conducive to the protection of newborns with apnea of quality of life and life safety.

Influence factors of knowledge, attitude and practice of pelvic floor dysfunction during pregnancy and its intervention measures / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the level of knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)and its influencing factors in pregnant women and provide reference for further health education for pregnant women. Methods Totally 637 pregnant women were investigated by Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)scale for PFD. Results The average scores of KAP in pregnant women were(31.68 ± 7.73),(16.41 ± 4.01) and (10.57 ± 3.00) respectively. About 85.6% of the pregnant women had interest in knowledge of PFD. Educational background,willing to understand knowledge of PFD,and gestational age were dominant factors affecting KAP of women with PFD. Conclusions The awareness rate of PFD and compliance rate of pelvic floor muscle function exercise in pregnant women are low. Effective measures should be taken to prevent PFD for pregnant women.

Impact of plateau environment hypoxia on human cognitive function and intervention measures / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

The size of the plateau in China is large and the plateau environment concerns our economic construction and national security because of its special location. The average altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau,which is of great military and economic significance,is above 4000 m.The special plateau environment,such as hypoxia and low temperature,poses a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the populations there.In recent years,with the development of neuroscience and technology, the impact of plateau environment hypoxia on human cognitive function has received more attention. Here we review the impact of plateau environment on the human cognitive function and related interven-tion measures to provide reference,for protection of cognitive ability and mental ability at high altitude.

Analysis of the causes of lower back pain in nursing staffs / 中国实用护理杂志

We study the possible reasons and the scientific and effective intervention measures of the prevalence of PLBP among nurses. There is a high frequency of work-related PLBP among nurses, and to explore associations with personal characteristics, occupational risk factors and psychosocial influences. The factors related to PLBP find in this study are: age, length of employed, bearing household, the department, weekly bending times, monthly night shift, moving and handling times.

Analysis of the prophylactic antibacterial agents in perioperative period of vascular interventional surgery before and after intervention / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate prophylactic application of antibacterial agents in perioperative period of vascular interven‐tional surgery in our hospital before and after intervention ,and to evaluate the effects of intervention measures .Methods One hun‐dred cases from March to May 2011 were selected as non‐intervention group ,and 100 cases from March to May 2012 after interven‐tion were selected as intervention group .Analysis was conducted on medical information of two groups by questionnaire about their antibiotic drugs use .we evaluated the the percentage of antimicrobial application ,drugs choice ,initial time of medicine treatment ,the course of medication and so on .Results The rational rate of antibacterial use increased from 6% (before intervention) to 99% (af‐ter intervention) (P<0 .01) .The rationality was improved significantly in respect of initial time of medicine treatment ,antibacterial agents and the course of medication .the percentage of antimicrobial application ,cost of antibacterials and the value of antibiotics use density (AUD) were decreased significantly .Conclusion The intervention of our hospital is feasible and effective ,and could signifi‐cantly improve the perioperative antibacterial application .

The Effect of Timely Infection Evaluation and Intervention on Low-body Mass Incubator Infants in Primary Hospitals / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To discuss the effect of timely infection evaluation and intervention on reducing infection to low-body mass incubator infants of primary hospitals. [Method] Select 98 cases of low-body mass incubator infants of 1210~2000g as control group(routine prevention used), and another 95 cases of 1200~2010g as observation group(taking timely infection evaluation, giving pointing intervention to infants with various infective risk factors). Compare their infection and in-hospital period. [Result]In control group 98 cases, 45 cases(45.92%) had infection; in observation group 95 cases, 11 (11.58%) had infection; the infective rate of observation group was lower than control group, the difference had statistical meaning( P<0.05). [Conclusion] To take timely infection evaluation and preventive intervention can definitely reduce infection.

Epidemiology and control of malaria in Colombia

Malaria is currently one of the most serious public health problems in Colombia with an endemic/epidemic transmission pattern that has maintained endemic levels and an average of 105,000 annual clinical cases being reported over the last five years. Plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 70 percent of reported cases with the remainder attributed almost exclusively to Plasmodium falciparum. A limited number of severe and complicated cases have resulted in mortality, which is a downward trend that has been maintained over the last few years. More than 90 percent of the malaria cases in Colombia are confined to 70 municipalities (about 7 percent of the total municipalities of Colombia), with high predominance (85 percent) in rural areas. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of malaria-eradication activities and control measures over the past century within the eco-epidemiologic context of malaria transmission together with official consolidated morbidity and mortality reports. This review may contribute to the formulation of new antimalarial strategies and policies intended to achieve malaria elimination/eradication in Colombia and in the region.

Effect of comprehensive health intervention on serum lipids in obese children / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To evaluate effect of comprehensive health intervention on serum lipids in obese children.Methods Totally 67 obese children (obesity group) who were treated in Baoan People's Hospital re-ceived one-year comprehensive health interventions. Another 65 normal-body-weighted children were recruited as control group.The changes of body height,weight,BMI,blood pressure (BP),and serum lipids were recorded before and after interventions.Results Compared with the control group,the weight,BMI,BP,TG,and LDL-C in the obesity group significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The BMI,BP,and TG in the obesity group were significantly improved after intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01).HDL-C was significantly higher than the pre-intervention level (P<0.05),while was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<O.05).Con-clusion Comprehensive health intervention can remarkably decrease the body weight and BMI and improve serum lipids in obese children,and therefore plays an important role in modifying the metabolism disorders.